An increasing number of bankers decided to follow these guidelines by reducing their reliance on IOE systems. Banks then picked up the pace after the State Council, China’s cabinet, issued guidelines for protecting sensitive data in the name of national security. Homegrown servers were slowly introduced over the next five years. In 2007, according to a survey that year by the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) and Ministry of Finance, less than 2% of the IT equipment operating at major financial institutions nationwide had been supplied by Chinese companies. A source at a state bank noted, however, that basic computing for customer accounts still relies on IOE systems. The rise of Internet banking is spurring major banks to explore new IT options and cut back on IOE systems. IOE systems have been commonly used in Chinese banks since the late 1990s, and are at the heart of the IT networks driving 70% of the world’s banks and other financial institutions. “It’s not easy for major banks to change their core systems, due to high replacement costs,” said the employee, who asked not to be named. The e-commerce company also built a database management-system of its own with an open-source structure, and started storing data on an internal cloud-storage system. In such a system, several PCs with X86 microprocessors inside can be linked in a chain to function as a server, replacing a mainframe server. Wang decided to revamp Alibaba’s network by replacing its Unix-based servers with less expensive, X86-based PC servers running on the open-source Linux operating system. Wang dubbed his campaign the “De-IOE Movement.” What Wang wanted to get rid of most was the so-called IOE system, an acronym for an IT network based on the names of three suppliers: IBM, whose servers are packaged with the Unix operating system Oracle, which supplies database-management systems and EMC, the maker of data-storage hardware. The movement dates to 2008, when Alibaba’s computer-network department director Wang Jian proposed cutting back on foreign suppliers and replacing their wares with equipment and technology developed almost entirely in-house. Some companies, such as e-commerce giant Alibaba Group, have been building internal computer networks with open-source software and commonly available hardware. Domestic rivals of these companies such as Huawei Technology Co.Īre winning contracts from state company and bank IT departments at an accelerating rate.
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